Interrelation Between Constructive Characteristics and Modes of Inhabitation in the Thermal Performance of <i>Putucos</i> in Puno, Peru

This study analyzes the thermal performance of putucos, vernacular earth dwellings located in the Peruvian highlands at over 3,800 m.a.s.l. currently used for sleeping, cooking, and storage. Despite their cultural relevance, there is limited technical documentation on these constructions. Using a mixed-methods approach, thermal measurements were taken in five inhabited putucos during representative seasons of the local climate, surveys were conducted to understand the thermal perception of the occupants, and graphical simulations were developed to comprehend the passive strategies employed. The results revealed significant thermal variations depending on space usage and showed that these dwellings do not meet the temperature and humidity levels established by conventional thermal comfort standards. Despite this, the inhabitants reported high thermal satisfaction, revealing a strong capacity for cultural adaptation. Additionally, vernacular construction strategies that contribute to passive interior conditioning were identified. These findings challenge the universal applicability of thermal comfort criteria and propose their evaluation from an occupant-centered perspective. The architectural qualities of putucos highlight how local empirical knowledge has generated functional and resilient solutions over time. The study underscores the need to preserve these buildings as architectural heritage and to promote research that integrates both physical and perceptual variables to understand their habitability.