Electroencephalogram-based analysis of attention in void and solid architectural spaces

Using electroencephalogram analysis, this study investigated the impact of the physical characteristics of architectural spaces on user attention. The experiment was conducted in the void and solid spaces of an architecture building to examine how their structural differences influence students’ attention. The visual attention of participants was measured using the d2 test, and attention metrics were analyzed according to electroencephalogram data. The results showed that the solid space exhibited relatively more stable levels of attention, while the void space showed greater variability in attention. This suggests that certain environmental factors in the void space, such as increased exposure to natural light or open views, may contribute to slight differences in attention. That is, the openness of the void space might lead to variations in attention because of its more dynamic environment. The study highlights the influence of the physical environment of learning spaces on the cognitive performance of students and emphasizes the importance of architectural design that takes these factors into account.