HIRARKI MOTIVASI MENIKAH DALAM ISLAM DITINJAU DARI MAQASHID SYARI’AH

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the motivations for marriage in Islam using the perspective of Maqashid Syariah and to compare them with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory.The fundamental difference between the two theories lies in their orientation and theoretical foundations. The Maqashid Syariah framework is derived from Islamic texts (nash) and considerations of maslahah (benefit) from a Sharia perspective, while Maslow’s theory is based on the psychological analysis of human needs without incorporating religious elements. This research is a library study employing content analysis methods on literature related to Islamic jurisprudence on marriage (fiqh al-zawaj), principles of Islamic law (usul al-fiqh), and motivational theory. The findings indicate that marriage motivations according to Maqashid Syariah can be categorized into three levels of benefit: Dharuriyyat (essentials), Hajiyyat (complementary needs), and Tahsiniyyat (refinements). Motivations under dharuriyyat include the preservation of religion (hifz al-din), honor (hifz al-‘a’radh), emotional well-being (hifz al-qalb), life (hifz al-nafs), lineage (hifz al-nasl), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), and wealth (hifz al-mal). Hajiyyat motivations pertain to the fulfillment of sexual and health-related needs, while tahsiniyyat motivations relate to aspects of refinement, such as virginity, chastity, and physical appearance. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji motivasi pernikahan dalam Islam dengan menggunakan perspektif Maqashid Syariah serta membandingkannya dengan Teori Motivasi Maslow. Perbedaan mendasar antara kedua teori tersebut terletak pada orientasi dan sumber teori. Teori Maqashid Syariah disusun berdasarkan nash dan pertimbangan maslahat dari perspektif syariat, sedangkan Teori Maslow berangkat dari analisis kebutuhan manusia secara psikologis tanpa memasukkan unsur keagamaan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kepustakaan dengan metode analisis isi terhadap literatur-literatur fiqh pernikahan, ushul fiqh, dan teori motivasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi menikah menurut Maqashid Syariah dapat dikategorikan ke dalam tiga hierarki maslahat: dharuriyyat, hajiyyat, dan tahsiniyyat. Motivasi dharuriyyat meliputi pemeliharaan agama (hifz al-din), kehormatan (hifz al-‘a’radh), hati (hifz al-qalb), jiwa (hifz al-nafs), keturunan (hifz al-nasl), akal (hifz al-‘aql), dan harta (hifz al-mal). Motivasi hajiyyat terkait pemenuhan kebutuhan seksual dan kesehatan, sedangkan motivasi tahsiniyyat berkaitan dengan faktor kesempurnaan seperti keperawanan, keperjakaan, dan penampilan fisik.