Advancing Clinical Medicine with Raman Spectroscopy: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

This review explores the potential of Raman spectroscopy and microscopy (RS) in clinical medicine, focusing on the diagnostic and therapeutic applications across multiple disciplines. For example, RS has proven effective in distinguishing between healthy and malignant cells or tissues, monitoring metabolic changes, and characterizing various biomolecular processes. Further applications include cancer detection and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal research, liquid biopsies, intraoperative guidance, and early disease diagnoses. Challenges such as signal interference, standardization issues, and limited clinical application are discussed. These show that better sensitivity, reproducibility further clinical validations, and standardization across different laboratories are needed in the future. In many areas, such as hematology, oncology, infectious diseases, neurology, gastroenterology, reproductive medicine, rheumatology, and cardiovascular research RS has contributed to early diagnoses, therapy monitoring, and intraoperative guidance. The development indicates that large‐scale multicenter studies, harmonized protocols, reference databases, and close collaboration with regulatory agencies will be helpful to establish RS as a reliable clinical tool. Then RS may become a widely adopted method for diagnostics, patient stratification, and treatment monitoring across medicine.