AI, fear and employment: a nationwide study of perceived job displacement

Purpose:The aim of this article is to examine how the advent of artificial intelligence influences employees' perceived risk of job displacement, with particular attention paid to age, educational level and occupational statute that mediate individuals' fear of being replaced by AI.Design/methodology/approach: The research employs quantitative methods, specifically logistic regression analysis, using data collected from a nationwide CAWI survey conducted among Polish working-age adults (N = 816).The analysis explores the relationships between perceived fear of AI-driven job displacement and various demographic (age, education), occupational, and socioeconomic factors (savings, residence). Findings:The study finds that individuals with higher education have significantly lower levels of fear regarding AI-induced job displacement, while residents of large cities exhibit greater concern.Additionally, self-employed individuals and agricultural workers demonstrate higher anxiety about potential displacement due to AI, indicating occupational differences in perceptions. Research limitations/implications:The study is limited geographically to Poland, which may constrain the generalizability of results.Further cross-cultural research could enhance understanding.Additionally, future research might explore in-depth qualitative aspects of AI-related fears.Practical implications: Results highlight the need for targeted educational and occupational policies aimed at enhancing job security in the context of AI-driven automation.Educational institutions and employers should promote lifelong learning and upskilling, focusing particularly on groups identified as most vulnerable.Social implications: Understanding the demographic and occupational factors associated with fear of AI can help policymakers develop targeted strategies for alleviating workers' anxieties and preparing them better for technological changes.Originality/value: This study contributes to current debates on AI and labor market disruption by clearly identifying demographic, educational, occupational, and financial factors influencing individuals' perceived risk of job displacement by AI.It is valuable for scholars, policymakers, educators, and labor-market stakeholders.