Digital twin of a private house: foreign approaches, technologies, and prospects for individual construction

Introduction. Digitalization of the construction industry, including individual housing construction, is becoming a global trend. Digital Twin (DT) technology allows to create a virtual copy of a physical object and synchronize it with real data online. Aim. To analyze the use of digital twins in private housing construction, identify the challenges of digitalization, and determine promising areas of development based on foreign research and case studies. Materials and methods. The article is based on foreign research analyzing the technological architecture of a digital twin and the necessary software and hardware components for its creation. Results. The analysis shows that creating a digital twin requires a carefully collected database (DataRoom), the integration of sensors, IoT devices, and analytical tools, as well as real-time data synchronization and AI model training based on the owners' behavior. Cloud platforms provide scalability for the system, but there are also barriers to implementation. Practical significance. The article shows that digital twins of private homes are becoming part of the smart home concept, improving the operation and interaction of residents. It offers recommendations for real-time data processing, optimizing operational modes, adapting control to the behavior of owners, and intelligently predicting consequences. Conclusions. The digital twin of a private house occupies an important place in the technological and social context, transforming approaches to construction and resident interaction. It combines the functions of a passport, a manager, and an analyst, making the house smart, adaptive, and secure, capable of responding to internal and external challenges, acting as a "digital shadow".