Towards Sustainable Indoor Lighting Design: Ensuring Energy Efficiency, Health and Human Wellbeing—A Review

ABSTRACT The design of lighting systems, has, in recent years, transcended the basic function of providing visibility, becoming a key component of promoting the health and well‐being of occupants by integrating biological, psychological, and energy aspects. The growing understanding of the effects of light on the circadian cycle has posed a fundamental challenge in luminaire design. The two before‐mentioned review is, to analyze how light, both artificial and natural, affects the well‐being and health of occupants in various indoor environments, such as classrooms, hospitals and offices, Indoor lighting research has advanced significantly, recognizing both visual and non‐visual effects on human health. These efforts focus on balancing the functionality, comfort and sustainability, of illuminated environments. These regulations and studies reinforce the importance of designing lighting environments that harmonize energy efficiency with physical and psychological health benefits. The implementation of lighting systems that respect the natural rhythms of the human body not only improves general well‐being but also contributes to long‐term sustainability. This review reveals the complexity of evaluating the mutual interactions between light and architecture in order to define their effect on circadian systems. Many questions remain open, mainly due to the lack of a clear and shared method to assess the effects of lighting on circadian rhythm regulation, although there are many lines of research on improvements to current rules and regulations and adapting light sources according to use, considering age, the climate zone and the time, of day to ensure people's health and well‐being.