Prioritisation of sustainable power source for electricity generation in remote sawmills: a case study in the context of Fiji

The sawmill and construction industries are significant sources of anthropogenic pollutants. Although modern sawmills endeavour to improve productivity and sustainability, many developing countries like Fiji still rely on diesel generators for power, which leads to rising operational costs and environmental concerns. Hence, renewable energy sources are explored as alternatives, such as solar, wind, biomass, and grid connections (mainly hydropower), to achieve sustainable growth. A comprehensive evaluation using the analytical hierarchy process reveals grid connection as the most viable option, followed by diesel generators, biomass, wind, and solar energy. Grid connection offers a 55% reduction in operational costs, a 60% decrease in carbon emissions, and 61% less water usage over the next seven years. These findings can guide researchers, government agencies, and the private sector in implementing energy policies for sawmills in remote areas.