Maximum Energy Efficiency Tracking in a Wireless Power Transfer System Using Sigma Delta Modulated Controller

The emergence of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) as a vital technology for contactless energy delivery for a wide variety of applications such as electric vehicles, biomedical devices, and consumer electronics is well documented. One of the key challenges in a WPT system is the achievement or retention of maximum energy efficiency under variable load and coupling conditions. This paper proposes a Maximum Energy Efficiency Tracking (MEET) method based on Sigma-Delta modulated Pulse Density Modulation (PDM), aimed at dynamically adapting the power transfer to changing operating conditions. The proposed method uses the precise control capability of sigma delta modulation to finely adjust pulse density and thus dynamically change the operating point to ensure optimal efficiency of the system. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrating improved system efficiency for all load conditions.