Principles of existentialism in Ukrainian and Japanese literatures of the 20th–21st centuries

This article presents a comprehensive exploration of existentialism as a philosophical movement that emerged in Europe during the early 20th century, shaped by profound social, cultural, and historical upheavals. It examines the origins and foundational principles of existentialist thought, tracing its development through the works of seminal figures such as Søren Kierkegaard and JeanPaul Sartre. Central existentialist themes – such as human freedom, individual choice, authenticity, anxiety, absurdity, and the confrontation with mortality – are analyzed in detail to clarify their philosophical significance and enduring relevance. A particular focus of the study is the reception and reinterpretation of existentialist ideas within two distinct cultural traditions: Ukrainian and Japanese. By investigating how these cultures engage with core existential concepts, the article reveals both convergences and divergences in the understanding of human existence shaped by differing historical contexts, spiritual outlooks, and literary expressions. Ukrainian thinkers incorporate existentialism into reflections on national identity, historical trauma, and moral responsibility, while Japanese perspectives often intertwine existential themes with indigenous philosophies such as Zen Buddhism and notions of impermanence. The comparative approach adopted in this work highlights the universality of existentialist concerns alongside the particularities of local adaptations, enriching the discourse on human freedom and meaning in a globalized world. This intercultural dialogue underscores the importance of existentialist philosophy as a tool for interpreting contemporary human conditions marked by uncertainty, alienation, and rapid transformation. Ultimately, this article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of existentialism’s intellectual heritage and its dynamic presence in diverse philosophical landscapes, demonstrating its continued relevance for scholars, students, and anyone engaged in the search for meaning and authenticity in the modern age.