Operating Point Control System in Single-Phase Motor Pump Sets Used in Irrigation Systems: Development and Evaluation

Fixed irrigation systems often experience uneven water pressure across different sections, making it challenging to irrigate all areas efficiently without wasting energy. This issue is particularly evident when using low-power, single-phase motors. To address this, we created a load controller that fine-tunes how these motors work in irrigation systems with changing needs. Our load controller uses a MOC-TRIAC circuit and an Arduino Nano to adjust motor power. Furthermore, we developed a smartphone app that connects via Bluetooth, allowing users to conveniently set the motor power as needed. We tested it on two 1 hp motor pumps, using valves, a flow meter, and pressure gauges to simulate different conditions. By adjusting the “firing angle” of the motor, we were able to change the water pressure by up to 80% while maintaining the flow rate the same. This resulted in energy savings up to 70% and reduced current consumption by 50%. The only limitation occurred at very high-power reductions (75%) and low flow rates (below 3 m3 h−1), where motor overheating was observed. Overall, our load controller presents a promising solution to save energy in irrigation systems by precisely matching motor power to the system’s needs.