IMPROVED FEEDING STANDARDS FOR HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE COWS

The article deals with the issues of rationing and organizing full-fledged feeding of highly productive dairy cows according to modern detailed standards, taking into account their physiological state and productivity level. In the improved feeding standards, new indicators of normalized nutrition of cows are taken into account, namely cleaved and non-cleaved protein in the rumen, digestible protein, neutral-detergent (NDC) and acid-detergent (ADC) fiber, essential amino acids, vitamins. On average, the NDC content is assumed to be at the level of 30-40% of the dry matter of the feed of the diet, and the ADC – at 15-20%. Optimization of the level of carbohydrate fractions increases the digestibility of dry matter, its consumption and milk yield of highly productive cows. The concentration of metabolic energy and biologically active substances of the diet feed was determined depending on the lactation phases, milk productivity and live weight of cows. It was found that the higher the productivity of cows, the higher the concentration of metabolic energy in one kilogram of dry matter of the feed of the diet. Annual rates of feed harvesting and consumption in dairy cattle breeding have been developed, which ensure intensive, highly profitable milk production. The main feature of these reasonable standards is that when assessing the nutritional value of feed and rationing feed feeding, a wide range of essential nutrition factors (21-30 indicators) is taken into account. This contributes to improving the efficiency of feed use, the level of transformation of feed nutrients into products and the realization of the genetic potential of dairy productivity of cows at the level of international standards. The use of energy-saving feed crops and high-quality feed provides an increase in the efficiency of land use in dairy cattle breeding and a significant increase in the milk productivity of cows from 5000 to 10000 kg and the profitability of milk production up to 40-50% in modern market conditions of management without state subsidies and investments.