Effects of aerobic interval training on heart rate recovery (HRR) and bloodА pressure in overweight young adults

Introduction: Overweight in young adult women is a global health concern, including in Indonesia, as it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) is a key indicator of autonomic function and cardiovascular fitness, while blood pressure regulation plays a crucial role in preventing complications. Aerobic Interval Training (AIT) has the potential to improve HRR and stabilize blood pressure; however, its effectiveness in overweight individuals remains insufficiently studied. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of AIT in improving HRR and stabilizing blood pressure in overweight young adult women. Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was conducted with 30 women, randomly assigned to either an intervention group (AIT for six weeks) or a control group (education program only). HRR was assessed using a pulse oximeter, while blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in HRR1 and HRR2 ( p <0.001), indicating enhanced autonomic nervous system function. Additionally, a significant reduction in systolic ( p <0.001) and diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.012) was observed, whereas no significant changes occurred in the control group. These findings confirm that AIT promotes cardiovascular adaptation and improves blood pressure regulation. Conclusion: AIT is an effective, non-pharmacological approach to improving HRR and stabilizing blood pressure in overweight young adult women. This intervention can be integrated into public health programs to prevent cardiovascular diseases and improve overall population health.