Road Performance Evaluation of Preventive Maintenance Techniques for Asphalt Pavements

Preventive maintenance treatments are widely applied to asphalt pavements to mitigate deterioration and extend service life. This study evaluated four common technologies: a high-elasticity ultra-thin overlay, an Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)-10 thin overlay, micro-surfacing (MS-III), and a chip seal. Laboratory testing focused on skid resistance, surface texture, and low-temperature cracking resistance. Skid resistance was measured with a tire–pavement dynamic friction analyzer under controlled load and speed, while surface macrotexture was assessed using a laser scanner. Low-temperature cracking resistance was determined through three-point bending beam tests at −10 °C. The results showed that chip seal achieved the highest initial friction and texture depth, immediately enhancing skid resistance but exhibiting rapid texture loss and gradual friction decay. Micro-surfacing also demonstrated good initial skid resistance but experienced a sharp reduction of over 30% due to fine aggregate polishing. By contrast, the high-elastic ultra-thin overlay and SMA thin overlay provided more stable skid resistance, lower long-term friction loss, and excellent crack resistance. The polymer-modified ultra-thin overlay achieved the highest low-temperature bending strain ≈40% higher than untreated pavement, indicating superior crack resistance, followed by the SMA thin overlay. Micro-surfacing with a chip seal layer only slightly improved low-temperature performance. Overall, the high-elastic ultra-thin overlay proved to be the most balanced preventive maintenance option under heavy-load traffic and cold climate conditions, combining durable skid resistance with enhanced crack resistance.