Multifunctionality of Nature-based solutions a scoping review of strategic planning processes

Abstract Nature-based Solutions (NbS) contribute to alleviating urban environmental challenges. Although the multifunctionality of NbS sites is theoretically preferred, there is less consideration in the scientific literature analyzing strategic planning for multifunctional NbS. This contribution synthesizes information from a scoping review of scientific literature on flexible long-term visions and goals, the integration of decisions with each other, the enabling of deeper coordination between institutions and mechanisms, and engagement with a broad array of stakeholders. This contribution provides an overview of the concepts and methods utilized in the literature identified through a search string strategy. Social perception of NbS multifunctionality plays an important barrier role in the strategic planning of NbS sites. The findings point to the importance of co-management and learning approaches.