Prevalence and Associated Factors of Tuberculosis-HIV co-infection among Patients Hospitalized at CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo (2019-2024)

Introduction: Tuberculosis-HIV co-infection is a major public health problem, particularly in resource-limited countries. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection and to identify the factors associated with it in patients hospitalized at the CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo. Methodology: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus hospitalized at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2024. Data were analyzed using STATA 17 software. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with TBHIV co-infection, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: A total of 258 HIV-infected patients, including 103 cases of tuberculosis, representing an estimated co-infection prevalence of 39.9%. Mean age was 45 ± 13.2 years, with a sex ratio of 1.2. In multivariate analysis, TB-HIV co-infection was significantly associated with several factors. Patients aged 60 or over had a higher probability of co-infection (ORa = 5.10; 95% CI: [1.23-21.16]; p = 0.03). Furthermore, the absence of antiretroviral treatment on admission significantly increased this risk (ORa = 0.18; CI95%: [0.05-0.64]; p = 0.01), as did the presence of a cough (ORa = 2.36; CI95%: [1.10-5.51]; p = 0.04). In contrast, chest pain was associated with a significantly reduced risk of TB-HIV co-infection (ORa = 0.09; CI95%: [0.01-0.81]; p = 0.03). Conclusion: The high prevalence of TB-HIV co-infection observed in this study highlights the importance of strengthening screening, treatment and follow-up strategies, with particular emphasis on elderly patients and those on treatment interruption. Early detection, anti-tuberculosis prophylaxis and prompt initiation of ART must be prioritized.