TIE2 activation by antibody-clustered endogenous angiopoietin-2 prevents capillary loss and fibrosis in experimental kidney disease

The role of endothelial dysfunction in tubulointerstitial fibrosis associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the activation of the endothelial tyrosine kinase TIE2 alleviates renal pathology in experimental CKD in mice. TIE2 activation was achieved using a human angiopoietin-2-binding and TIE2-activating antibody (ABTAA) or through adult-induced endothelium-specific knockout of the vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase gene (Veptp). Both methods markedly protected CKD mice from endothelial dysfunction, peritubular capillary loss, tubular epithelial injury, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Conversely, silencing TIE2 through adult-induced endothelium-specific knockout of the Tie2 gene exacerbated CKD pathology. Additionally, we found that endothelial dysfunction promoted renal fibrosis not through endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as previously expected, but by inducing the expression of profibrotic PDGFB in tubular epithelial cells, a process that is inhibited by TIE2 activation. Our findings suggest that TIE2 activation via ABTAA warrants investigation as a therapy in human CKD, where there is a substantial unmet medical need.