Enhancing ophthalmology resident orientation with an experiential simulation lab using virtual reality technology

Purpose: This study explores the efficacy of a virtual reality (VR)-based simulation lab in enhancing foundational knowledge and clinical skills among PGY2 ophthalmology residents. It investigates VR’s role in improving anatomical understanding, diagnostic ability, and learner confidence at the beginning of ophthalmology residency. Methods: A 4-hour experiential simulation lab was conducted at the Loyola University Chicago simulation center using Oculus VR headsets and zSpace stereoscopic displays. PGY2 residents from 5 Chicago-based ophthalmology programs participated in interactive glaucoma and retina modules focusing on ocular anatomy, iridocorneal angle understanding, cranial nerve function, aqueous flow, and pupil examination. Pre- and post-session surveys, knowledge assessments, and anatomical drawings were used to evaluate improvements in understanding and diagnostic skill. Statistical analysis was performed using the exact Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Fourteen of 18 invited residents (77.8%) participated. Significant improvement was observed in understanding the iridocorneal angle, aqueous flow, and pathology diagnosis on virtual patients (p < 0.05). Most participants (92.9%) reported enhanced understanding of anatomy and expressed high satisfaction with the training. The majority (85.7%) would recommend the training to peers, and 92.9% supported offering it to future residents. Conclusion: The VR-based simulation lab significantly enhanced anatomical comprehension and examination skills among ophthalmology residents. The immersive nature of the experience fostered greater learner engagement and confidence. These findings support integrating VR into early ophthalmology education to standardize and improve foundational clinical training.