Contactless Estimation of Heart Rate and Arm Tremor from Real Competition Footage of Elite Archers

This study investigates the effects of heart rate and arm tremor on performance in elite archery, using non-contact physiological monitoring from real Olympic competition footage. A total of 50 video segments were extracted from publicly available international broadcasts, comprising athletes of various backgrounds. From these, heart rate signals were estimated via remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) from facial regions, and micro-movements were quantified from right and left arm regions using feature point tracking. Ordinal logistic regression was employed to evaluate the relationship between biometric variables and archery scores (10, 9, ≤8 points). Results showed that elevated heart rate (β = −0.1166; p< 0.001) and greater right-arm movement (β = −6.1747; p = 0.008) were significantly associated with lower scores. Athletes scoring 10 points exhibited significantly lower heart rate (p< 0.001) and reduced right-arm tremor (p = 0.010) compared to others. These findings support the hypothesis that physiological arousal and biomechanical instability impair performance, and they further demonstrate the feasibility of contactless monitoring in real competition environments. The proposed method enables objective, in-game performance evaluation and supports the development of personalized training systems for precision sports.