Techniques for the clonal forestry of Amazon tree species

Abstract The objective of this review was to describe techniques applicable to the clonal forestry of amazon tree species, focusing on induction of epicormic sprouts, rescue, and vegetative propagation. In the Amazon, vegetative propagation and clonal forestry present a significant potential for ecological restoration and commercial applications. Studies are being carried out on the application of clonal forestry to Amazon tree species, aiming forestry production and the restoration of degraded or altered ecosystems. However, the available protocols are still unclear as to the techniques, propagules, and propagation processes to be used. Despite the success of techniques such as cuttings and micropropagation in species as Hevea brasiliensis and Theobroma cacao, there are still challenges, such as limited genetic material and high costs. To address these and other challenges, it is crucial to adopt integrated approaches, such as collaborative research networks and data platforms, inspired by international practices. Here, bibliographic data on over 100 species, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives are presented. Future advancements should focus on optimizing techniques, expanding genetic research, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders.