Stimuli-Responsive Cationic Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles: Formulation Process, Physicochemical and Morphological Evaluation

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles are promising drug delivery nanocarriers, exhibiting significant technological advantages, such as their extended internal morphology. In this study, cationic non-lamellar lyotropic-lipidic liquid crystalline nanoparticles were formulated by phytantriol lipid. <b>Methods</b>: The poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(lauryl methacrylate) block copolymer carrying tri-phenyl-phosphine cations (TPP-QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA), was employed as a stabilizer co-assisted by other polymeric guests. The exact qualitative and quantitative formulation of the systems was investigated. Their physicochemical profile was depicted from a variety of light scattering techniques, while their microenvironmental parameters were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy using adequate probe molecules. The effect of environmental conditions was monitored, confirming stimuli-responsiveness properties. Their morphology was illustrated by cryo-TEM, revealing expanded internal assemblies. Resveratrol was incorporated into the nanoparticles and the entrapment efficiency was calculated. <b>Results</b>: Their properties were found to be dependent on the formulation characteristics, such as the lipid used, as well as the architecture of the polymeric stabilizer, also being found to be stealth toward proteins, exhibiting stimuli responsiveness and high entrapment efficiency. <b>Conclusions</b>: The studied liquid crystalline nanoparticles, being stimuli-responsive, with high cationic potential, high loading capacity and showing intriguing 3D structures, are suitable for pharmaceutical applications.