Addiction and the Brain

The staggering number of deaths from drug addiction, especially fentanyl is a matter of great concern for families, healthcare providers, regulatory agencies, and government leaders. Addiction is defined as a chronic brain disorder characterized by the compulsive urge to use a substance or engage in a behavior, even when it results in harmful consequences. The most severe manifestation of substance use disorder is substance addiction. Examples include alcohol, nicotine usually from cigarette smoking, and drugs such as opioids like morphine, heroine, and fentanyl. Behavioral addiction can involve gambling, and excessive social media use. A collective, comprehensive, and coordinated multi-strategy approach is required to effectively address the challenge.