Linear Polarized Defected Ground Structure Antenna for X-band and K-band Application

Modern wireless communication systems make extensive use of Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) because of their small size, ease of integration, and dependable operation across a broad frequency range. This work addresses the restricted bandwidth issue commonly seen in traditional designs by presenting an improved design of a rectangular MPA operating in the X-band (10 GHz) and Ka-band (27 GHz). In order to enhance impedance matching, increase bandwidth, and optimize current distribution, the suggested antenna makes use of a microstrip feed, hexagonal cuts on the patch, and rectangular cuts in the Defected Ground Structure (DGS).The antenna exhibits a narrow bandwidth of 12.62% between 25.59 GHz and 29 GHz with a gain of 5.67 dB at the resonant frequency of 27 GHz, and a broad bandwidth of 88.11% between 8.83 GHz and 17.73 GHz with a gain of 3.03 dB at the resonant frequency of 10.1 GHz. For the X-band, the radiation efficiency is 96%, while for the Ka-band, it is 81.32%. These features enable the antenna to be used in a wide range of high-frequency applications, such as satellite communications, remote sensing, 5G networks, radar systems, and automobile radar.