Optimal Sizing of Photovoltaic-Energy Storage-Charging Pile System Using Particle Swarm Optimization

This study proposes a photovoltaic-energy storage-charging pile integrated system tailored for commercial centers, addressing the dual challenges of time-of-use load fluctuations and strict power supply reliability requirements. A joint optimization model for photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage capacities is developed via the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, incorporating a multi-objective framework that balances total system cost and load shedding rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the load shedding rate is reduced from 11.28% to 0.46% (a 95.92% decrease), verifying the critical role of energy storage in stabilizing peak loads. The study further reveals the optimal trade-off between cost and reliability for PV-storage capacity ratios, providing an efficient configuration strategy for high-load charging scenarios in commercial districts. Sensitivity analyses and comparative studies with traditional methods validate the model's superiority in dynamic load management.