Multi-Stage Coordination Framework for Electric Vehicle Charging-Swapping Stations in Dynamic Electricity Spot Markets

As renewable energy and electric vehicles proliferate, power systems are becoming more low-carbon and interconnected. Traditional static pricing strategies fall short in dynamic electricity spot markets. This paper proposes a novel multi-stage coordination framework for EV charging-swapping stations, consisting of three layers: grid-market coordination, station-level scheduling, and user behavior prediction. The framework enables real-time price signaling, local resource optimization, and adaptive user response through closed-loop feedback and collaborative optimization. By accounting for renewable uncertainty and EV mobility patterns, the framework improves system economy, user experience, and renewable utilization. Simulation results verify its effectiveness and robustness, offering guidance for smart grid and energy internet integration.