La Implementación de Pasantías Obligatorias en los últimos dos Semestres de las Licenciaturas: Un Modelo para Tijuana basado en Evidencia

This study examines the lack of implementation of mandatory internships in universities in Tijuana, despite the region’s economic dynamism and the persistent gap between academic training and labor market needs. Using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys of graduates, interviews with employers, and comparative analysis of international case studies, this research assessed the potential impact of integrating structured internships into the final two semesters of undergraduate programs. Statistical results show that graduates with internship experience are up to seven times more likely to be employed in their professional field, report higher starting salaries, and experience a shorter transition to employment compared to those without such experience. The qualitative analysis confirmed that the model’s effectiveness depends on quality mentorship, curricular integration, and fair remuneration. Tensions were identified regarding SMEs’ capacity to finance internships and the need for institutional incentives. The proposed model, inspired by German and Canadian experiences, suggests dedicating the last two semesters to supervised internships with joint evaluation by universities and companies, supported by a tripartite committee (academia-business-government). The findings conclude that this framework can enhance youth employability, reduce unemployment, strengthen local human capital, and position Tijuana as a hub of innovation and regional competitiveness.