MULTI-STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION IN COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF THE POKDARWIS PULO BAHARI MOJOKERTO

The research aims to describe the form of collaboration between community organisations, government institutions, and other stakeholders, while also identifying supporting and inhibiting factors in the realisation of effective synergy. A qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach was employed, using data gathered through interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Key informants included Pokdarwis managers, village and sub-district leaders, local government officials, and academics involved in community development. The findings reveal that collaboration remains sporadic and lacks institutionalisation. Although there is a collective spirit among community members, inadequate coordination, absence of standard procedures, limited technical guidance from government agencies, and fragmented communication hinder optimal development. The study underscores the necessity of adopting a pentahelix collaboration model involving government, academia, business, community, and media to build structured, inclusive, and sustainable tourism governance. Academics play a strategic bridging role, contributing to knowledge-based policy development and enhancing participatory planning. This study concludes with recommendations to strengthen the institutional capacity of Pokdarwis, develop integrated planning, and promote inclusive governance frameworks for the long-term sustainability of community-based tourism initiatives.