Domain engineering by photopatterning/spatially-confining ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals

The recent discovery of various ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals offers us an unprecedented opportunity to design and control polar topology, setting a platform of domain engineering in liquid-matter systems. In this presentation, we report large-scale domain engineering with various polar designs at microscales through either photopatterning or spatial confinements, which has been impossible in solid-state ferroelectrics in terms of design flexibility and reconfigurability. The designability of polar fields enables the development of nonlinear photonic devices onto a liquid-crystal-based chip.