Association of the Pan-Immune-Inflammatory Value (PIV) and HALP score with disease prognosis and recovery in patients with acute pericarditis: An observational cohort study

Acute pericarditis is a sudden, typically noninfectious inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart. It can arise from various causes, including viral infections, autoimmune diseases, cancer, trauma, or medications. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the Pan-Immune-Inflammatory Value (PIV) and the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score in predicting disease severity, recurrence, and prognosis in patients with acute pericarditis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 281 patients diagnosed with acute pericarditis between 2014 and 2023. Data on hemoglobin, albumin, neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet levels, as well as clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and recurrence status, were extracted from hospital records. The PIV was calculated using the formula: neutrophil count (10³/mL) × monocyte percentage (%) × platelet count (10⁹/L)/lymphocyte count (10³/mL). The HALP score was determined as hemoglobin (g/L) × albumin (g/L) × lymphocyte count (10³/mL)/platelet count (10⁹/L). Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between these biomarkers and clinical outcomes. PIV was significantly higher in patients with pericardial effusion, pericardial friction rub, and persistent chest pain at 15-day follow-up (P = .003). Patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and recent infections showed elevated PIV values, indicating more severe disease and a higher likelihood of recurrence. HALP score was significantly lower in patients with pericardial effusion and in nonsmokers. HALP score was significantly higher in patients with electrocardiography changes. PIV emerged as a stronger predictor of pericarditis severity, prognosis, and recurrence compared to the HALP score. The combined use of both markers may enhance the assessment of disease severity and prognosis, offering valuable insights for clinical decision-making in pericarditis management. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.