Proceso de transformación espacial en la vereda Tocogua del municipio de Duitama (1995–2025): un análisis geográfico para la planificación territorial

Between 1995 and 2025, Tocogua village, located in the municipality of Duitama (Boyacá, Colombia), has undergone a spatial transformation process characterized by changes in land use, population dynamics, and economic activities, particularly the expansion of mining. This article analyzes these processes from a geographical perspective in order to understand their implications for territorial configuration. The research followed a mixed methodology that included cartographic analysis, surveys, interviews, and documentary review. Results reveal a transition from a predominantly agricultural territory to a space increasingly pressured by extractive and residential activities, which generates tensions in territorial planning. The study argues that Tocogua’s experience provides a valuable reference to understand the challenges faced by rural communities in contexts of accelerated spatial transformation.