Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Ploidy on Yield and Chlorophyll Content in Wheat Genotypes (Tritucum spp.)

This study is devoted to a comparative analysis of yield and chlorophyll content indicators in wheat (Triticum spp.) genotypes with different ploidy. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of ploidy level on yield and photosynthetic potential based on a comparison of agronomic and physiological indicators of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid genotypes. The study was conducted on 20 wheat genotypes in the experimental field of the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University in 2021–2022. According to the research results, the plant height varied within the range of 67–151 cm (the greatest: T. turgidum – 151 cm, T. durum var. leucurum – 141 cm), the ear length was 6.5–13.5 cm (the greatest: T. durum var. leucomelan– 13.5 cm), the number of spikelets was 18–25 (the greatest: T. durum var. obscurum Körn. – 25 pcs.), the number of grains in an ear was 39–44 (the greatest: T. durum var. leucurum – 44, T. turgidum – 39). The weight of 1000 grains was 29.6–51 g, with the greatest values recorded in the genotypes T. durum var. hordeiforme(51 g) and T. durum var. fastuosum (47.6 g). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between chlorophyll content and yield parameters. In particular, the genotype T. durum var. valenciaewas selected for both high chlorophyll content (0.048 mg/g) and 1000-kernel weight (35.4 g). In contrast, the yield of the genotype T. durum var. affine with negative chlorophyll content (-0.839 mg/g) was significantly lower. The results showed that ploidy level and chlorophyll content have a significant effect on yield potential and can be used as important criteria in breeding programs.