Effects of an exercise program on physiological variables and 6 Minute walk test in obesity

Introduction: Obesity represents a clinical and public health challenge that requires comprehensive, evidence-based strategies. Objective: To describe changes in aerobic capacity and physiological variables in adults with grade II and III obesity after participating in a multidisciplinary program that included supervised exercise, nutritional support, and psychological counseling. Methodology: Prospective longitudinal study based on the medical records of patients who completed 24 or 36 supervised exercise sessions (twice a week, 60 minutes). Aerobic capacity was assessed using the six-minute walk test (6MWT), and anthropometric, hemodynamic, and respiratory variables were recorded before and after the intervention. Results: Sixty-two patients (83.9% women) were included, of whom 67.7% had at least one comorbidity. After the program, significant reductions in body weight and body mass index (p < 0.05) were observed, with moderate to large effect sizes. The 6MWT showed significant improvements in heart rate, respiratory rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while changes in oxygen saturation were minimal and clinically irrelevant. The distance walked increased by an average of 22 meters, accompanied by modest increases in estimated VO₂ and METs. However, most changes did not reach clinically relevant thresholds. Conclusions: Completing a multidisciplinary program with supervised moderate-to-vigorous exercise improved some functional and physiological parameters in adults with severe obesity, although the magnitude of the benefits was limited, highlighting the need for longer and more intensive interventions.