Evaluation of Durum Wheat (T. durum Desf.) Samples’ Resistance to Drought and Salinity using Chlorophyll Content and Structural Analysis

The study was carried out on 18 samples of durum wheat. The following tasks were solved to achieve this goal: Determination of drought and salt tolerance in various samples of durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) in laboratory conditions according to physiological parameters: determination of changes in the quantitative content of chlorophyll “b” and “b” in leaves under the influence of stress (drought, salinity). A comparative analysis of the structural elements of the harvest was carried out according to six parameters (plant growth, grain weight, ear weight and length, number of spikelets in one ear, number of grains, weight of 1000 grains) in optimal and stress (drought) regime. Based on the chlorophyll “a + b” indicators, 4 drought-resistant and salt-tolerant varieties 4-K-38v.alqiptakum, K-59v.leucomelan, K-44v.murcience, K-2372 v.Muqan were selected from among the samples that were the object of the study. It is generally accepted that the most reliable method for determining the drought resistance of plants is to compare the yield of the studied varieties under dry and irrigated conditions. To study in more detail the impact of drought on plants was used crop structure analysis. Among 18 samples (T. durumDesf) planted on the Absheron NEB, 4-K-38 v. alqiptakum, k-43 v. murcience k-44 v. murcience, k-59 v. leucomelan showed themselves to be highly resistant. Studying productivity indicators in rainfed conditions at the Gobustan zonal experimental station from 12 varieties of durum wheat, (K-38 v. alqiptakum, k-43 v. murcience k-44 v. murcience, k-57 v. apulicum, k-96 v. hordeiforme, K-40 var. melanopus var. caerulescens) samples, an increase in plant height, ear length, weight of 1000 seeds, etc. was observed. A positive correlation was also noted between the indicators of the amount of chlorophyll (a + b) under the influence of stress and productivity indicators and structural analysis on these samples. These highly resistant samples K-38 v. alqiptakum, k-44 v. murcience, k-59 v. leucomelan, k-43 v. murcience, K-40 var. melanopus var. caerulescens, k-57 v. apulicum, k-96v.hordeiforme are selected for stress factors. We recommend using them as initial breeding material for enriching the gene pool of durum wheat in order to create new adaptive varieties resistant to biotic and abiotic factors.