Implementing Fair Competition Clauses in Comprehensive EU Bilateral Air Transport Agreements: A Need For review

International air transport traditionally regulated market access with limiting destinations and frequencies for designated airlines. Liberalized air transport agreement namely between the EU and third countries waive such limitations and aim to establish a level playing field by a comprehensive fair competition clause, namely limiting subsidies. Expereience shows that it is very difficult to apply and enforce such clauses. The article discusses options to improve this shortcoming.