Mycoherbicides as non-toxic, biologically derived alternatives for sustainable weed control in modern agriculture

AbstractThe widespread use of synthetic herbicides in agriculture has raised serious concerns regarding environmental contamination, herbicide resistance, and human health risks. In response, biotechnological innovations are exploring sustainable alternatives rooted in natural ecosystems. This study presents the development and application of a novel cell-free fungal broth formulation as a mycoherbicide, derived from metabolite-rich fungal cultures. Unlike live fungal inoculants, this cell-free approach minimizes ecological risks while retaining potent herbicidal activity through secondary metabolites and enzymes secreted by specific fungal strains. The formulation exhibits broad-spectrum weed suppression, targeting both monocot and dicot weeds, with minimal phytotoxic effects on non-target crops. Laboratory, greenhouse, and initial field trials revealed high efficacy, stability, and compatibility with integrated weed management systems. This biologically derived, non-toxic herbicide formulation holds promise for sustainable agriculture, offering a safe and effective alternative to conventional chemical weed control methods.