Development of the urban environment of Mineral Waters through the integration of renewable energy sources into socio-economic and environmental planning

The study addresses the sustainable development of Mineralnye Vody through the integration of renewable energy sources into socio-economic and environmental planning. The research focuses on solar and geothermal energy potential, assessing the feasibility of photovoltaic systems, heat pumps, and the implementation of digital technologies for energy network management. Field measurements, laboratory analyses, mathematical modeling, and sociological surveys were employed to evaluate environmental conditions, energy generation capacity, and public perception of renewable energy projects. Findings reveal that solar radiation in the region enables an annual generation of over 1.4 GWh of electricity, while geothermal resources provide up to 345 GWh of thermal energy. Modeling results indicate that the adoption of these technologies could reduce emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides by 20–25% and significantly improve air and soil quality in areas affected by industrial and transport activity. Surveys demonstrate high public and business support, with more than 60% of respondents willing to participate in energy-saving initiatives. Economic analysis shows that a combined scenario, integrating solar and geothermal systems with the electrification of transport, provides the highest efficiency, with an internal rate of return close to 12% and payback within 6–7 years. Comparison with international experience confirms the relevance and competitiveness of the proposed solutions, highlighting the potential for replicating such approaches in other resort cities. The practical value of the research lies in forming a comprehensive energy strategy that strengthens the city’s ecological stability, enhances energy independence, and improves living standards while reinforcing its image as a modern green resort.