Psychopathology from Crime to Release: Mental Health in the Criminal Justice System

Crime is not merely a legal violation, but a complex phenomenon shaped by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. This study examines the role of psychopathology in criminal behavior, during incarceration, and the post-release period within the framework of current literature. Consistent findings in the literature indicate a relationship between criminal behavior and psychotic disorders, personality disorders, mood disorders, substance use disorders, and intellectual disability. Psychopathology is considered not as a direct cause of crime, but as a factor that increases an individual’s risk of engaging in criminal behavior. In particular, substance use disorders, comorbid psychiatric conditions, high psychopathy scores, and high impulsivity emerge as significant risk factors for criminal behavior. The markedly higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses among incarcerated individuals compared to the general population underscores the importance of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation services within the criminal justice system. However, the inadequacy of mental health services both during incarceration and after release may contribute to increased recidivism. The literature highlights the need for holistic, individualized, and effective psychosocial intervention programs to prevent crime and reduce recidivism rates. Future research in this field is expected to contribute to evidence-based policy development.