Dampak Pembangunan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Pelabuhan Patimban terhadap Pertumbuhan UMKM di Wilayah sekitar Desa Patimban

Abstract. The development of the Patimban Port Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Subang Regency aims to enhance national and international connectivity while driving regional economic growth. However, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) around the area face challenges such as limited capital, restricted market access, and increasing competition from larger companies. This study aims to identify the impact of SEZ development on poverty reduction, job creation, infrastructure development, MSME growth, and MSME adaptability. The research employs a descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach, conducted through a survey of 38 MSME actors in Patimban Village using a Likert scale. The findings indicate that the most significant impact is observed in job creation, with a score of 169, driven by labor demand in infrastructure, industry, and trade sectors, as well as investments that expand markets. Overall, the impact of SEZ development on the community reached an average score of 165.2, higher than the impact on MSME growth (161.5) and MSME adaptability (158.8). Improved infrastructure facilitates goods distribution, creates new business opportunities, supports MSME development, and generates employment, particularly in small and medium-sized industries. These effects contribute to reducing unemployment, increasing household incomes, and potentially alleviating poverty and inequality in the surrounding areas of the Patimban Port SEZ. Abstrak. Pembangunan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Pelabuhan Patimban di Kabupaten Subang bertujuan meningkatkan konektivitas nasional dan internasional serta mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi regional. Namun, UMKM di sekitar wilayah ini menghadapi tantangan seperti keterbatasan modal, akses pasar, dan meningkatnya persaingan dengan perusahaan besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dampak pembangunan KEK terhadap penurunan kemiskinan, peningkatan lapangan kerja, pembangunan infrastruktur, perkembangan UMKM, dan kemampuan adaptasi UMKM. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui survei terhadap 38 pelaku UMKM di Desa Patimban menggunakan skala Likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak paling signifikan terlihat pada peningkatan lapangan kerja dengan skor 169, didorong oleh kebutuhan tenaga kerja di sektor infrastruktur, industri, dan perdagangan, serta investasi yang memperluas pasar. Secara keseluruhan, dampak pembangunan KEK terhadap masyarakat mendapat skor rata-rata 165,2, lebih tinggi dibanding dampak terhadap perkembangan UMKM (161,5) dan kemampuan adaptasi UMKM (158,8). Peningkatan infrastruktur memperlancar distribusi barang, menciptakan peluang bisnis baru, mendukung pertumbuhan UMKM, dan membuka lapangan kerja, terutama di sektor industri kecil dan menengah. Dampak ini turut mengurangi pengangguran, meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat, serta berpotensi menekan angka kemiskinan dan ketimpangan di wilayah sekitar KEK Pelabuhan Patimban.