Effect of organic manures on the growth of green gram under organic farming (Vigna radiata L.)

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season to evaluate the Effect of organic manures on the growth, yield and quality of green gram under organic farming (Vignaradiata L.) at Rama University. The experiment comprised 12 treatment combinations with four phosphorus levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg P₂O₅/ha) and three biofertilizer inoculations (PSB, Rhizobium, and PSB + Rhizobium) laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Phosphorus was applied through single super phosphate, along with 20 kg N/ha (urea) and 20 kg K₂O/ha (MOP).The results revealed that application of 60 kg P₂O₅/ha significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches, dry matter, nodulation, and root traits. Yield attributes such as pods/plant, grains/pod, grain weight, and test weight improved significantly with increasing phosphorus levels. The maximum grain yield (11.40 q/ha), straw yield (26.50 q/ha), and biological yield (37.90 q/ha) were recorded at 60 kg P₂O₅/ha. Nutrient content and uptake (N, P, K) in seed and straw also peaked at this level. Among biofertilizers, PSB + Rhizobium seed inoculation outperformed others, resulting in significant improvements in growth parameters, yield components, nutrient content, and uptake. The combination of PSB + Rhizobium with 60 kg P₂O₅/ha produced the highest net return (₹100,287.80/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.85).