Thermochemical pathways in the conversion of coconut shell charcoal to high-surface-area activated carbon

The conversion of coconut shell charcoal into high-surface-area activated carbon (AC) is a significant thermochemical process that enhances its adsorptive properties. The high carbon content of coconut shells makes them an ideal precursor for activated carbon production, which is widely used in environmental applications, including water purification, air filtration, and energy storage. This paper explores the thermochemical pathways involved in the conversion of coconut shell charcoal to activated carbon, focusing on both physical and chemical activation methods. The paper also investigates the role of different activation agents and conditions in determining the surface area, porosity, and overall quality of the activated carbon produced. Additionally, this work aims to provide an in-depth analysis of how parameters like temperature, time, and activation agent concentration influence the properties of the final product.