Current status, challenges and improvement strategies of livestock and poultry production in Odisha and achievements of development schemes

Livestock and poultry production form a cornerstone of Odisha’s rural economy, contributing significantly to household nutrition, employment, and income generation. The present study was undertaken to assess the current status, challenges, and improvement strategies of livestock and poultry farming in the state while highlighting the achievements of various government schemes. Data from the 20th Livestock Census (2019), Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics (2024), and other secondary sources were used to analyze trends in animal population, milk, meat, and egg production. Odisha accounts for 4.05% of India’s total livestock population and contributes 7.25% to its Net State Domestic Product (NSDP). The state houses approximately 9.9 million cattle, 6.39 million goats, and 27.4 million poultry birds. In 2023-24, Odisha produced 2635.99 thousand tonnes of milk, 242.30 thousand tonnes of meat, and 37,229.33 lakh eggs. Despite these achievements, per capita availability of milk, meat, and eggs remains lower than national averages. The sector faces major constraints such as low productivity of indigenous breeds, inadequate veterinary infrastructure, fodder shortages, frequent disease outbreaks, and vulnerability to natural disasters. Socio-economic challenges including poverty, poor market access, and limited participation of women further limit progress. Improvement strategies emphasize genetic enhancement through crossbreeding and conservation, feed and fodder development, vaccination and biosecurity measures, and adoption of dual-purpose poultry varieties. Several schemes, including the Dairy Entrepreneur Development Scheme, Integrated Livestock Development Programme, and backyard poultry initiatives, have contributed to productivity gains and inclusive livelihood opportunities, particularly for women and marginalized groups. Future strategies call for climate-resilient practices, expanded veterinary outreach, improved market infrastructure, and enhanced community participation. Overall, strengthening livestock and poultry production in Odisha is vital for ensuring food security, income stability, and rural development.