Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Effects of Mondia whitei Root Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality.Although Mondia whitei has been traditionally used for its antidiabetic and antioxidant effects, scientific evidence supporting these claims remains limited.This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Mondia whitei root extract in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rat model.Phytochemical screening of M. whitei root extract revealed the presence of saponins, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, steroids, and terpenoids.Antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.DM was induced with 65 mg/kg body weight STZ.Rats were grouped into normal control, diabetic control, 200 mg/kg extract, 400 mg/kg extract, and 100 mg/kg metformin treated groups.Treatments were administered orally for 21 days.Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and body weight were measured weekly.At termination, blood and liver tissues were collected for analysis.M. whitei extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro.The 400 mg/kg dose significantly reduced FBS levels, nearing metformin's hypoglycemic effect when compared to diabetic control.The extract also significantly lowered serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipids, and malondialdehyde (MDA), while increasing FRAP values in liver and plasma while serum creatinine and urea levels were reduced, though not significantly.The phytochemical-rich M. whitei root extract showed significant antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective activities, supporting its potential as a natural alternative for managing DM and its complications.