THE PLACE AND CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF MICROTOPONYMS AMONG THE ONOMASTIC UNITS (Based on the materials of the Karabakh region)

Among the onomastic units, toponyms - place names have an important place and are divided into two groups according to the size and smallness of the land: macrotoponyms and microtoponyms. Macrotoponyms are geographical names covering a large area (name - special name). Microtoponyms are the names of small geographical objects located in a certain area. The term "microtoponym" is derived from the combination of words of Greek origin: "mikros" - small, "topos" - place and "onim" - name. Microtoponyms include small mountain, river, ark, pond, stream, small hill, kishlak, meadow, yurt, hearth, descent, hill, slope, grave, pir, visitation, field, plain, writing, depression, hole, canyon (ravine), dwelling, neighborhood, place, etc. names belong. Learning microtoponyms is important in researching the local people's naming tradition. Such place names are not exposed to foreign influences and are more efficient in the naming process. However, microtoponyms are forgotten for various reasons. No one can know the microtoponyms of this land as detailed and clearly as the people who live in any village. It is not easy to determine macro and micro toponyms. Because these terms express opposite concepts and it is difficult to determine their boundaries. So, this means that the work done by the researcher in the village will not be the same as the work in the district: the scope of the research will vary due to the large and small size of the land in question. For example, the Gargar river in Aghdam district can be characterized as both a macro- and a micro-toponym during the study: this special name is a micro-toponym for the Karabakh region, and a macro-toponym in Aghdam district. It is understood from the council that the system of microtoponyms of the Karabakh region and the districts included in it are not the same. In toponymic studies, such macrotoponyms attract the attention of researchers. Microtoponyms, which are used in the speech of a smaller number of people, are often left out of research. Social, economic and demographic changes, collective disappearance of small villages cause fragmentation of names in the toponymic system, i.e. differentiation of meaning or complete disappearance. Therefore, it is very important to research and compile relevant geographical names. The development process of the microtoponyms of the Karabakh region, their role in the macro- and microtoponym system, the determination of their structure, and the period of their creation vary depending on the structure-semantic type of the lexical level, that is, the lexical meaning groups