The structure of identity facilitation and interference

Abstract This article investigates global patterns of facilitation and interference among identities—socially recognizable categories that shape individuals’ sense of who they are and carry cultural expectations (e.g., mother, worker). While identity theory suggests that identities interact in structured ways, existing research often examines identities in isolation or conventional roles, limiting the ability to observe broader patterns. This study adopts a relational approach to explore how identities facilitate or interfere with each other. By drawing on sociological identity theory, I formulate hypotheses about these interactions. Using original survey data, I construct identity networks where nodes represent identities and ties indicate the prevalence of facilitation or interference. Blockmodeling techniques are then employed to characterize the global structure of these networks. The findings reveal distinct positions within the network, largely aligning with theoretical expectations.