A Comparative Study of Cities to Develop an Assessment Framework for Climate-Resilient Cities

As climate change intensifies, urban areas face increasing hazards from extreme weather events such as rising sea levels, heat waves, and heavy rainfall. Resilient cities—those developed to absorb, recover, and adapt to these shocks—are crucial in protecting residents and infrastructure. This paper explores the concept of urban resilience, highlighting its multifaceted aspect, including recovery, adaptability, and transformation. It focuses on how to solve these climate change challenges by implementing resilience strategies and practices that achieve a number of criteria and indicators to be a climate-resilient city. A collection of global frameworks for measuring resilience in general is discussed in addition to the most recent recommendations from organizations concerned with climate change. In an effort to develop a framework for assessing climate-resilient cities, the research focuses on worldwide best practices and highlights the urgent need to invest in resilience to ensure cities can withstand and survive in the face of increasing climate challenges.