Design and Implementation of a Smart Solar Tracking System Using Hydraulic Actuation

This research presents the design and implementation of a smart single-axis solar tracking system that introduces a novel integration of hydraulic actuation with minimalistic sensor control. Unlike traditional trackers that rely on multiple light sensors and complex mechanical setups, the proposed system uses a simplified control mechanism driven by a single-point light detection strategy to maintain panel alignment with the sun. The core innovation lies in replacing motor-driven tracking mechanisms with a hydraulic actuator, offering smoother, more durable movement with reduced maintenance. Additionally, the system integrates smart monitoring via Arduino, enabling real-time data processing and decision-making without relying on costly components like GPS or RTC modules. The proposed tracker is developed, validated, and assessed using Experimental works, demonstrating that it delivers a substantial increase in daily energy output — achieving approximately 43% more than fixed solar panels—demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach. The system’s simplicity, efficiency, and robustness make it ideal for small-scale or off-grid applications, providing a reliable alternative to more expensive or complicated solutions. This study is positioned as a useful and inventive development in low-maintenance solar energy systems since it combines hydraulic tracking, intelligent control, and simplified sensor logic. In addition to bridging the performance and affordability gap, this created solution offers a workable strategy to further the adoption of renewable energy in underserved populations.