Dams Determine the Composition and Activity of Microbial Communities in Semiclosed Marine Basins of the White and Barents Seas, Russia

Microbiological and biogeochemical investigation of the bottom sediments of semiclosed basins was carried out at the Kislaya Guba tidal power station (Barents Sea) and in Kanda Bay (White Sea). Suppressed tidal water mixing is known to affect the hydrological regime of isolated basins, resulting in the development of oxygen-free sediments. The upper sediments of the studied bays were shown to contain higher concentrations of sulfide and methane, with increased rates of sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, and methane oxidation. The relative abundance of truly marine microorganisms decreased, while microorganisms common in anoxic sediments of meromictic basins developed. The indicator microorganisms with increased relative abundance were archaea of the genera <i>Methanoregula</i> and <i>Methanosaeta</i>. Bacteria of the class Chlorobia, Chloroflexi of the family <i>Anaerolineaceae</i>, and <i>Rhodoferax</i>-related bacteria were indicators of the stagnant seawater. Members of the genus <i>Woeseia</i> were counter-indicators, occurring only in marine water. In our opinion, under reasonably regulated water exchange via the dams, the ecosystems of the Kanda and Kislaya Guba bays may retain the characteristics of marine bays. Otherwise, the studied bays may become stratified basins with anoxic near-bottom water, harboring microbial communities similar to those inhabiting meromictic basins.