Blockchain technology applications and challenges in the Saudi Arabian construction industry

Abstract The Saudi Arabian construction industry is one of the largest in the region. Previous research suggests that blockchain technology (BCT) can enhance the process performance and management. However, studies also highlight significant barriers to BCT application in construction. Despite this, there is limited research on BCT in the Saudi construction sector. This study aims to identify the barriers and drivers in adopting BCT in the Saudi Arabian construction industry. It also assesses the level of knowledge among construction professionals and proposes a comprehensive framework for BCT implementation to enhance project management in the Saudi construction sector. A quantitative research approach was used, involving a self-reported structured questionnaire survey targeting workers and experts in the construction sector in Eastern Saudi Arabia. The main findings indicate that most participants lack sufficient knowledge of BCT. The identified barriers were ranked as human, industrial, technical, organisational and legal. Additionally, participants identified the key drivers for BCT adoption as smart contracts, transparency and traceability, innovation potential, regulatory compliance, data security, decentralisation, stakeholder engagement, cost-saving and interoperability. This study proposed a framework for implementing BCT in the Saudi construction sector. These findings are important for policy implications and pave the way for further research.