Nanotechnology and quantum dots: prospects in optoelectronics and sensing devices

Problem Statement: Modern achievements in nanotechnology are directly dependent on the development of nanoelectronics, which finds applications in various fields of science and technology, including the creation of new devices for the space industry. The unique properties of nanostructures and the modern technologies for their production are essential for the development of optoelectronic and nanoelectronic devices, as well as for information storage and transmission technologies over long distances. Semiconductor lasers based on quantum dots are becoming key components for optical data transmission and spectroscopy, which is critically important for enhancing the efficiency of spacecraft. Laser ablation injection methods allow for the creation of multilayer structures with minimal layer thickness, significantly improving the characteristics of dielectric mirrors and increasing the sensitivity of ring laser gyroscopes. Quantum dots find wide application in the development of highly sensitive sensors capable of detecting changes in electric fields, temperature, and the composition of gas mixtures. Objective: to investigate the properties of quantum dots as objects used in sensors, with a focus on the influence of various synthesis and processing methods on parameters that significantly alter the efficiency and stability of devices. Results: The analysis of the influence of size and shape of quantum dots on their optical properties, including bandgap width and photoluminescent characteristics, as well as the assessment of the impact of quantum dots on their structural and functional characteristics, provides a clear understanding of the application of nanoobjects in modern optoelectronic devices. This contributes to the creation of more efficient and high-performance technologies. Practical Significance: This work can be useful not only for further study of the topic of nanoscale objects but also serves as a valuable source of information and conclusions for independent analysis. The collected data may serve as a foundation for other scientific research in this field. The integration of nanostructures into nanoelectromechanical systems opens up new opportunities for creating highly accurate sensors and actuators for onboard systems of small spacecraft.