Features of the expression of the traits of monoecious hemp in the inbreeding process and its use in breeding

Aim. To determine the peculiarities of the expression of biological and breeding traits, the level of inbreeding depression in the process of self-pollination of monoecious hemp plants of different ecological and geographical types and directions of economic use. Methods. Breeding (self-pollination, selection, hybridization), field and laboratory research methods, elements of mathematical statistics were used. The object of research is self-pollinated lines I1–I12 of varieties Ylukhivski 58, Hlesia and Zolotoniski 15. Results. As a result of self-pollination of monoecious industrial hemp, inbreeding depression, stabilization of breeding traits and differentiation of lines by certain properties were observed, and in some high combinational ability (with I4–I6 it is already advisable to involve them in crosses). Conclusions. The main positive effect of self-pollination is the stabilization of the material on the basis of high productivity, monoeciousness and absence of cannabinoids, which occurs in the process of close reproduction, creation of inbred lines as components of hybrids and synthetic populations. In the process of selections in hybrid populations, there is no significant splitting of breeding traits, they retain their homogeneity. Thus, the breeding process is accelerated.